🎼 Skill Orchestration 技能编排

凌晨3点47分，我看着20个Skills在屏幕上跳舞。
它们有的在查数据库，有的在调API，有的在写报告。就像一场精心编排的交响乐，每个乐器都在恰到好处的时刻发声。
这就是Skill Orchestration的魅力——让AI像指挥家一样协调多个能力。

📚 什么是 Skill Orchestration？

Skill Orchestration（技能编排）是指将多个独立的AI Skills按照特定逻辑组合起来，形成复杂业务流程的技术。它是实现企业级AI自动化的核心能力。

核心概念

• 原子技能（Atomic Skills） - 最小可执行单元，如"发送邮件"、"查询数据库"
• 复合技能（Composite Skills） - 由多个原子技能组合而成
• 编排引擎（Orchestrator） - 决定技能执行顺序和逻辑的控制中心
• 上下文传递（Context Passing） - 技能间的数据流转机制

🎭 编排模式详解

// 顺序执行：搜索 → 总结 → 发送
const workflow = [
  { skill: 'search_news', params: { query: 'AI趋势' } },
  { skill: 'summarize', params: { input: '$prev.result' } },
  { skill: 'send_email', params: { content: '$prev.summary' } }
];

// 执行结果：A的输出 → B的输入 → C的输入

// ReAct循环
while (!taskComplete) {
  // 1. Thought: LLM思考下一步做什么
  const thought = await llm.think(context);
  
  // 2. Action: 执行相应的Skill
  const action = thought.selectedSkill;
  const result = await executeSkill(action);
  
  // 3. Observation: 观察执行结果
  context.addObservation(result);
  
  // 4. 检查是否完成任务
  taskComplete = await llm.checkComplete(context);
}

// 第一阶段：制定计划
const plan = await llm.generatePlan({
  goal: "分析竞品数据并生成报告",
  availableSkills: ['scrape_web', 'analyze_data', 'chart_gen', 'export_pdf'],
  constraints: { deadline: '1 hour', budget: '$10' }
});

// 计划输出：
// Step 1: scrape_web(竞品URL列表)
// Step 2: analyze_data(抓取的数据)
// Step 3: chart_gen(分析结果)
// Step 4: export_pdf(最终报告)

// 第二阶段：执行计划
for (const step of plan.steps) {
  const result = await executeSkill(step.skill, step.params);
  step.status = 'completed';
  step.output = result;
}

// 并行执行多个查询
const [weather, stocks, news] = await Promise.all([
  executeSkill('get_weather', { city: '北京' }),
  executeSkill('get_stock', { symbol: 'AAPL' }),
  executeSkill('get_news', { category: 'tech' })
]);

// 汇总结果生成晨报
const morningBrief = await executeSkill('generate_brief', {
  inputs: { weather, stocks, news }
});

// 条件分支
const sentiment = await executeSkill('analyze_sentiment', { text: userFeedback });

if (sentiment.score < -0.5) {
  // 负面反馈：升级处理
  await executeSkill('escalate_ticket', { priority: 'high', feedback });
  await executeSkill('notify_manager', { alert: '紧急客户反馈' });
} else if (sentiment.score > 0.5) {
  // 正面反馈：记录好评
  await executeSkill('save_testimonial', { feedback });
} else {
  // 中性反馈：常规处理
  await executeSkill('create_followup', { feedback });
}

// 人机协作流程
const draft = await executeSkill('generate_contract', { terms });

// 等待人工审核
const approval = await requestHumanApproval({
  content: draft,
  options: ['approve', 'reject', 'modify'],
  timeout: '24h'
});

if (approval.decision === 'approve') {
  await executeSkill('send_contract', { draft, signers });
} else if (approval.decision === 'modify') {
  const revised = await executeSkill('revise_contract', { 
    draft, 
    feedback: approval.comments 
  });
  // 再次进入审核循环...
}

🚀 OpenClaw 实战：完整编排示例

场景：智能客服工单处理

import { Orchestrator, SkillContext } from '@openclaw/core';

// 定义编排流程
const customerServiceOrchestrator = new Orchestrator({
  name: 'customer_service_pipeline',
  
  // 定义Skills
  skills: {
    classifyIntent: {
      description: '识别客户问题类型',
      llm: 'gpt-4',
      prompt: '分析以下客户问题，分类为: 技术问题/账单问题/投诉/其他'
    },
    searchKnowledgeBase: {
      description: '搜索知识库找答案'
    },
    generateSolution: {
      description: '生成解决方案'
    },
    createTicket: {
      description: '创建工单'
    },
    escalateToHuman: {
      description: '转人工处理'
    }
  },
  
  // 定义流程
  workflow: async (ctx: SkillContext) => {
    const { customerMessage } = ctx.input;
    
    // Step 1: 意图识别
    const intent = await ctx.skills.classifyIntent(customerMessage);
    
    // Step 2: 如果是复杂问题，直接转人工
    if (intent.complexity === 'high') {
      return await ctx.skills.escalateToHuman({
        reason: '复杂问题需要人工',
        context: customerMessage
      });
    }
    
    // Step 3: 搜索知识库
    const kbResults = await ctx.skills.searchKnowledgeBase({
      query: customerMessage,
      topK: 3
    });
    
    // Step 4: 生成解决方案
    const solution = await ctx.skills.generateSolution({
      query: customerMessage,
      references: kbResults,
      tone: 'professional'
    });
    
    // Step 5: 如果置信度低，创建工单跟进
    if (solution.confidence < 0.7) {
      await ctx.skills.createTicket({
        type: 'pending_review',
        content: solution,
        customer: ctx.customer
      });
    }
    
    return {
      response: solution.text,
      escalated: solution.confidence < 0.7,
      ticketId: solution.confidence < 0.7 ? ctx.ticketId : null
    };
  }
});

// 执行编排
const result = await customerServiceOrchestrator.execute({
  customerMessage: "我的订单还没收到，已经一周了",
  customer: { id: "C12345", tier: "premium" }
});

⚠️ 错误处理与重试机制

// 带重试的Skill执行
const robustExecute = async (skill, params, options = {}) => {
  const { maxRetries = 3, backoff = 'exponential', timeout = 30000 } = options;
  
  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
    try {
      // 设置超时
      const result = await Promise.race([
        executeSkill(skill, params),
        new Promise((_, reject) => 
          setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Timeout')), timeout)
        )
      ]);
      
      return { success: true, result, attempts: attempt };
      
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Attempt ${attempt} failed:`, error.message);
      
      // 最后一次失败
      if (attempt === maxRetries) {
        return { 
          success: false, 
          error: error.message,
          fallback: await executeFallback(skill, params)
        };
      }
      
      // 指数退避等待
      const delay = backoff === 'exponential' 
        ? Math.pow(2, attempt) * 1000 
        : 1000;
      await sleep(delay);
    }
  }
};

// 断路器模式
class CircuitBreaker {
  constructor(threshold = 5, timeout = 60000) {
    this.failureCount = 0;
    this.threshold = threshold;
    this.timeout = timeout;
    this.state = 'CLOSED'; // CLOSED, OPEN, HALF_OPEN
  }
  
  async execute(skill, params) {
    if (this.state === 'OPEN') {
      throw new Error('Circuit breaker is OPEN');
    }
    
    try {
      const result = await executeSkill(skill, params);
      this.onSuccess();
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      this.onFailure();
      throw error;
    }
  }
  
  onFailure() {
    this.failureCount++;
    if (this.failureCount >= this.threshold) {
      this.state = 'OPEN';
      setTimeout(() => this.state = 'HALF_OPEN', this.timeout);
    }
  }
  
  onSuccess() {
    this.failureCount = 0;
    this.state = 'CLOSED';
  }
}

📊 编排监控与可观测性

// 编排追踪
const trace = {
  workflowId: generateUUID(),
  startTime: Date.now(),
  steps: []
};

// 每个Skill执行时记录
const executeWithTracing = async (skillName, params) => {
  const step = {
    skill: skillName,
    startTime: Date.now(),
    input: params,
    status: 'running'
  };
  trace.steps.push(step);
  
  try {
    const result = await executeSkill(skillName, params);
    step.status = 'completed';
    step.endTime = Date.now();
    step.duration = step.endTime - step.startTime;
    step.output = result;
    return result;
  } catch (error) {
    step.status = 'failed';
    step.endTime = Date.now();
    step.error = error.message;
    throw error;
  }
};

// 性能指标
const metrics = {
  workflowDuration: trace.endTime - trace.startTime,
  stepCount: trace.steps.length,
  successRate: trace.steps.filter(s => s.status === 'completed').length / trace.steps.length,
  avgStepDuration: trace.steps.reduce((sum, s) => sum + (s.duration || 0), 0) / trace.steps.length
};

// 发送到监控系统
await sendMetrics(metrics);

💡 最佳实践

🔗 相关术语

• OpenClaw Skills - 技能系统
• Agent Workflow - 智能体工作流
• ReAct Pattern - 推理行动模式
• Multi-Agent - 多智能体系统
• Sub-Agents - 子代理系统